Mario de Caro and Matteo Grasso together wrote "Three Views of Downward Causation" for publication in the 2017 anthology, "P hilosophical and scientific perspectives on downward causation." Nothing much to do with the Koestler book, but I like that cover image. The issue of "downward causation" is one that arises in the philosophy of mind, among those who believe that mind and body, even mind and brain, are different facts in the world, neither reducible to the other. The issue of downward causation is: how if at all can mental events cause physical events? How does my phenomenal desire that my arm move lead to my arm moving? De Caro and Grasso contend that naturalism is consistent with the reality of downward causation. We do not have to postulate any non-natural facts, souls, trans-empirical egos, a ghost in the machine, etc., in order to acknowledge that the desire is a non-phys...