https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/03/science/nobel-prize-physics.html. A Nobel Prize was just awarded for the physics of attoseconds. This interests me because it represents an oft unmentioned frontier. Let me back up a bit. It is natural to think of two opposed frontiers in physics -- the very very big and the very very small. Physicists of one sort, cosmologists, talk about the universe as a whole, how quickly it is expanding, whether there is a possibility the expansion will halt at some point and be followed by retraction, how much "dark matter" it may all contain, and so forth. The very big big picture. Physicists of another sort, particle physicists, talk about the very small, the fundamental particles. The ones we all learned about in elementary school as well a the more exotic creatures like muons. THOSE are the frontiers of knowledge. But, and here we arrive at the point, the attosecond work looks at a third frontier, that of really really fast even...